月球怎麼形成? 首先,讓我們了解一下月球。 月球距離地球大約38萬公里,半 徑約1700公里,大約是四分一個地 球般的大小。月球大約於45億年前 形成,科學家對月球的起源有不少 假設,而主流說法是「大碰撞分裂 說」。據說,當時有一顆和地球大 小差不多的星球撞擊了年輕的地 球,這個撞擊產生了很多碎片,而 這些碎片慢慢聚集在一起,變成了 現在的月球。 「月海」及「角動量守恆」 月球的表面有很多神奇的特 徵。它有很多大坑,這些坑是其他 小行星撞擊月球留下的痕跡。月球 的表面還有平坦的區域,叫做「月 海」,雖然名字很美,但其實這些 地方並不是海洋,而是古老的岩漿 平原。月球上沒有空氣,這意味着 我們在那裏不能呼吸。而且,月球 的重力只有地球的六分一,如果我 們在月球上跳,能跳得比在地球上 高得多!不過,月球的日夜變化也 很奇特,白天的溫度可以高達127 攝氏度,而夜晚則會降至-173攝氏 度,簡直像是兩個極端的世界。 科學家通過「阿波羅計劃」在月 球上安裝的雷射反光鏡,利用雷射 測距技術精確測量地月距離,發現 月球正以每年約3.8厘米的速度遠 離地球。這是因為地球和月球之間 存在潮汐力,月球的引力會拉扯地 球的海水形成漲潮和落潮,海水與 地球固體部分的摩擦產生阻力,減 緩地球自轉速度。為維持地月系統 的「角動量守恆」,月球不得不逐漸 遠離地球。 月球就像一個「時間膠囊」, 它保存了許多地球早期歷史的證 據。由於月球上沒有風和水的侵 蝕,許多古老的岩石和坑洞都保 存得很好。科學家通過研究這些 岩石,可以了解地球和太陽系的 形成過程。 人類探月歷程 說到探索月球,蘇聯在1966 年發射了「月球9號」,這是第一個 成功登陸月球的無人探測器。而 人類的「第一步」,就要提到美國 的「阿波羅11號」任務,1969年, 美國太空人尼爾.岩士唐(Ne i l Armstrong)成為了第一個踏上月球 的人。他站在月球的表面,說出了 一句非常有名的話:「這是人類的 一小步,但卻是人類的一大步。」 「嫦娥工程」 進入21世紀,隨着中國綜合國 力的提升和科技水準的進步,中國 正式啟動月球探測工程——「嫦娥工 程」,讓我們看到更多月球的秘密。 「嫦娥四號」完成全球首次在月球背面 軟着陸,並通過「鵲橋」中繼星傳回全 球第一張近距離拍攝的月背影像圖, 這可是非常了不起的成就呢! 月球背面由於受到月球遮擋, 一直是人類探索的空白區域。「嫦 娥四號」的成功着陸,填補了這一空 白,開啟了人類月背探測新篇章。 它攜帶的「玉兔二號」月球車,在月 球背面開展一系列科學探測活動, 揭示月球背面的奧秘,讓我們對月 球的形成和演化,有了更深入理解。 在2020年,「嫦娥五號」探測器 成功發射,實踐月球採樣返回的既 複雜又高難度的任務。經過23天的 太空飛行,「嫦娥五號」成功完成了 月球採樣、封裝、月面起飛、月球 軌道交會對接、樣品轉移和返回地 球等一系列高難度動作。科學家對 「嫦娥五號」月壤顆粒中的氦原 子 進行探測和研究時,發現 月壤中鈦鐵礦顆粒表面存 在一層「月瓖玻璃」, 玻璃層中更有大量 氦氣泡。研究人員估 算,月球上以氣泡形式儲藏的 氦-3總量或高達26萬噸,若全用於 核聚變,可滿足地球2600年的能源 需求。 中國未來探月計劃 未來的月球探索可不止於此, 還有許多激動人心的計劃正在進行 中!其中中國計劃將人類再次送上 月球。「嫦娥工程」分為「無人月球 探測」、「載人登月」和「建立月球基 地」3個階段。 在無人月球探 測 階 段 , 中 國先後發 射了「嫦娥一號」、「嫦娥二號」、 「嫦娥三號」、「嫦娥四號」和「嫦娥 五號」探測器。中國的「神舟」系列 太空船是中國載人航天計劃的重要 組成部分。這些太空船已成功完成 了多次載人任務,並且技術不斷提 升。「神舟十九號」在2024年10月成 功發射,並計劃在2025 年進行「神舟二十 號」和「神舟 二 十 一 號」的任務。這些任務包括太空行 走、科學實驗和技術測試,旨在為 未來更長時間的太空任務做準備。 中國已瞄定2030年前實現中國 人登月的目標。為達此目標,「長 征十號」運載火箭、「夢舟」載人飛 船、「攬月」月面着陸器、登月太空 衣、載人月球車等,紛紛開展初樣 產品生產和相關地面試驗。 中國計劃在月球南極建立一個 永久基地,一個完全自由、能夠支 持人類長時間活動的基地,它將成 為人類探索火星的跳板。這個基地 不僅可以用來進行科學研究,還可 以作為太空人的訓練場所,為未來 的火星任務做準備。 小思考,大智慧 為甚麼中國要探月? 參考答案 1. 科學研究:月球是研究地球早期 歷史和太陽系演化的重要對象。 通過月球探測,中國希望獲得關 於月球表面和地質結構的數據, 進一步了解地球的形成和發展。 2. 資源開發:月球上存在豐富資 源,例如氦-3(可用於核聚變)、稀 有金屬等。中國希望通過探索月 球,尋找未來可持續發展的資源。 3. 人類探索的延續:探索月球是人 類向更遠太空進軍的重要一步。 隨着人類對太空的興趣增加,中 國的月球計劃也是為了未來的火 星任務和更深空探索奠定基礎。 星島教室 航天與天文 劉文宣 中華基督教會 何福堂小學 主任 伍詠汶 中華基督教會 何福堂小學 老師 作者介紹 唐代古籍《酉陽雜俎》記載一段有關月亮的描述,「君 知月乃七寶合成乎?月勢如丸,其彰,日爍其凸處也。」指 月亮由7種寶石合成,而且外形呈現球體,在地面上看到的月 影,是太陽照到月球凸起部位所留下的影子,意旨月亮既有 凸起處,也有凹陷的地方,就像是月球隕石坑。從古代天文 學家對月球的觀測記錄,到詩詞歌賦中對月球的深情描繪, 月球一直是中華民族心中神秘而美好的象徵。今天,就讓我 們一起踏上探索月球和太空的奇妙旅程。 本欄,由教育評議 會邀請資深中小學老 師、校長及大學講師 撰稿,旨在為學生提供多元化的 STEAM學習材料,引發學生探求 知識的興趣,將學習融入生活,培 養學生的世界觀、敏銳的觸覺、積 極學習的態度。 讀社論學 英文 The recent news of Chinese artist Wang Xing being duped into the "KK Park" in Myanmar has become the centre of public interest in the mainland and Hong Kong. Alongside this, the SAR government recently revealed that since the second quarter last year, it had received 28 requests for assistance involving c i t i zens detained in Southeas t Asia. People are aware of the resurgence of "indentured servitude". Such crime is highly complex, involving cross-border scams, pornography, gambling, drugs and even human trafficking, all intertwined with local political turmoil, military struggles and underground industries. Addressing these complicated issues effectively is undoubtedly chal lenging but unavoidable. In the early 21st century, cross-border cyber scam cases in Chinese-speaking regions emerged in Taiwan, subsequently spreading to Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Hunan. The Cross-Strait Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance Agreement in 2009 forced scam groups to shift their operations overseas, with Southeast Asia, particularly Myanmar, becoming a prime destination. Warlordism beyond central govt grasp Why Myanmar? The country has long been plagued by pol i t ical instabi l i ty and warlordism, much like China in early 20th century. The weak central government struggles to exert control over border regions. Even when local armed forces act with impunity, it is often powerless to intervene. To "sustain their armies", warlords inevitably collaborate with unscrupulous business folks, shielding illegal industries. That's why criminal groups can thrive. The so-called "KK Park" is in eastern Myanmar, separated from Thailand by just a river. Satellite images show that in early 2019, the area was relatively barren, but it has since developed into a sizeable compound, complete with high walls, barbed wires and infrastructure for living, consumption, entertainment, public ut i l i t ies, etc. , resembl ing a sel f-contained community. Reports suggest a variety of criminal activities within the compound, including forcing workers to engage in phone scams. Those who fail to meet performance targets reportedly face abuse or even organ harvesting, with bodies discarded in the river. While some of these claims may be exaggerated, crimes such as deception and restriction of personal freedom are likely factual. Why are people so easily deceived? Some attribute this to "lack of worldly experience", which is not entirely incorrect. However, a more significant factor is the sluggish post-pandemic recovery in the mainland and Hong Kong, creating opportunities for criminals. Additionally, in the social media era, people are more easily exposed to information about so-called "dream jobs" and lured by terms like "no experience required", "no overtime" and "free accommodation and meals". Currently Thailand, Myanmar's neighbour, has established its Tourist Safety Operations Center and launched an app to ensure travel safety, though they may have come late. Hong Kong also sent a task force led by the Undersecretary for Security to Thailand to strengthen coordination with local law enforcement and rescue Hongkongers remaining in detention. While these are positive, they are far from addressing the root causes. To eradicate scam compounds like the "KK Park", the key lies in restoring Myanmar stability and empowering its central government to suppress criminal activities. Cross-border joint enforcement needed In July 2023, the Ministry of Publ ic Security launched a special operation targeting Chinese-related scams in northern Myanmar adjacent to Yunnan. Using the China-Myanmar law enforcement cooperation mechanism, they dismantled the so-called "Four Major Families" crime group in Kokang and eradicated all large-scale scam compounds. Can this be replicated in eastern Myanmar? In the short term, this seems unlikely due to the region's remoteness from China and its de facto state of anarchy, where the Myanmar government is powerless against criminal activities. Combat ing "KK Park" type "human trafficking hells" is a moral imperative. Looking ahead, ut i l izing the Mekong River Basin Cooperation Agreement among six countries for cross-border joint enforcement could be a viable solution to crack down on human trafficking. 翻譯自1月14日《星島日報》社論 (http://std.stheadline.com/) dupe (v) —— 欺騙 resurgence (n) —— 再現 intertwine (v) —— 纏繞在一起 warlordism (n) —— 軍閥主義 impunity (n) —— 有罪不罰 barren (adj) —— 貧瘠的 detention (n) —— 拘留 dismantle (v) —— 解散 indentured servitude —— 契約勞工 satellite image —— 衛星圖片 organ harvesting —— 器官摘取 worldly experience —— 處世經驗 Criminal gangs involved in traditional firearms and drug trades in Southeast Asian countries are now engaged in cybercrimes targeting China, where social media and online payments are widely used, said local criminologist Dennis Wong Sing-wing. He cautioned that dismantling such syndicates would be challenging since they typically operate covertly in regions marked by turmoil near borders, which are additionally safeguarded by armed forces. 1. The word _____ in the first paragraph is the opposite of "fading". 2. Scam groups have shifted their _____ to Southeast Asia. 3. In the passage, the word _____ means "confinement". 4. The Myanmar government needs the power to _____ criminal activities. 5. According to the last paragraph, cross-border joint enforcement could stop human _____. Answers 1. resurgence 2. operations 3. detention 4. suppress 5. trafficking & Q A Vocabulary Useful Terms Did you know? SE Asian scam compounds rampant, stamp out trafficking 翻譯︰George D6 侷芎 05.16.2025 星期五
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