資源管理 「資源管理」是環保的核心概念 之一，它關乎如何有效分配和利用 地球上的有限資源，以實現永續發 展。無論是水資源、能源還是食 物，數學都扮演着關鍵角色，幫助 我們精確計算和分析資源的使用情 況，從而制訂更有效的節約策略， 減少浪費，並最大化資源的利用效 率。 1. 水的使用 水是生命之源，我們每天的生 活都離不開水。從刷牙、淋浴到清 潔，水資源的消耗無處不在。但你 知道嗎？一個人每天平均需要約100 升水來滿足基本生活需求。這個數 字看似不大，但如果放大到家庭、 社區甚至整個城市，水資源的消耗 量將變得驚人。 數學在這裏發揮了重要作用， 幫助我們量化和管理用水情況。例 如，一個四口之家每天的用水量約 為100 × 4 = 400升。若他們安裝水 龍頭節流器，每人每天可節約10升 水，全家每天便可節省 10 × 4 = 40 升。長遠來看，這不僅能顯著減少 水資源的消耗，還可降低家庭的水 費支出，實現環保與經濟效益的雙 贏。 2. 能源使用 另一個關鍵的環保問題是「能源 使用」。隨着全球能源需求的增長和 傳統化石燃料的枯竭，能源問題已 成為環境保護的核心挑戰之一。現 在，越來越多家庭和企業開始轉向 可再生能源，如太陽能、風能等， 以減少對環境的負面影響並實現能 源的永續利用。 在這場能源轉型的 過程中，數學扮演着不 可或缺的角色，幫 助我們精確計算 能源需求、評估 可再生能源的 效益，並制訂 最優化的能源 解決方案。數學 可以幫助我們計算 家庭的能源需求， 從而決定需要安裝 多少塊太陽能板來 滿足日常用電需 求。 例如，一個 家庭每月的電費是600 元，而使用太陽能後可 節省50%的電費，那麼 他們每月可以節省600 × 50% = 300元。由於安裝太陽 能板能有效減少電費，所以香港 越來越多村屋住戶，在天台位置安 裝太陽能板，以減少能源消耗，以 及減低電費。這不僅意味着家庭經 濟負擔的減輕，還代表對環境的積 極貢獻，因為太陽能是一種清潔且 可再生的能源來源。 廢物管理 「廢物管理」是環保的另一個重 要概念。隨着生活水平的提高，廢 物產生量也在增加。數學能幫助我 們計算和分析廢物的來源及其處理 方式。 1. 垃圾產生 隨着生活水平提高，廢物產生 量也在增加。根據環境保護署於 2022年發布的統計數字，都市固體 廢物人均棄置量為每天1.51公斤，而 當中的廢物有約68%會棄置於堆填 區，即是每人每天約有1.51 × 68% = 1.0268公斤的固體垃圾，會被棄置 於堆填區。 由於堆填區的儲存垃圾量是有 限的，通過這些數據，我們便知道 社會需要制訂更有效的垃圾分類和 回收計劃，以減少固體廢物的產生 量。 2. 垃圾循環再造/再用效益 數學還可幫助我們計算垃圾循 環再造或循環再用的效益。假設 一個城市每天的垃圾量為1000 噸，垃圾回收率是 30%，那麼每天回 收的垃圾量為1000 × 30% = 300噸。如 果這些回收的垃圾能 夠轉化為再生資源， 城市就能有效減少垃 圾的處理成本，並保 護環境。 應對氣候變化 「氣候變化」是 全球面臨的最大挑 戰之一。數學在這裏 同樣發揮着重要作用， 幫助科學家們預測未來的氣 候變化趨勢。 科學家想了解為甚麼天 氣會越來越熱，他們便會收 集很多數據，例如空氣中的 二氧化碳（一種讓地球變暖的氣體） 有多少，以及氣溫變化了多少。然 後，他們可用一種叫「回歸分析」的 數學方法，來看看二氧化碳和氣溫 之間有沒有關係。 「回歸分析」就像畫一條線，表 示兩個東西之間的關係。如果科學 家收集二氧化碳排放量及氣溫變化 的數據後，發現當二氧化碳排放量 越多，氣溫就越高，那麼回歸分析 的線就會向上斜。這條線可以幫助 科學家們預測未來的情況。例如， 如果我們知道未來的二氧化碳會增 加多少，就可以用這條線來猜測氣 溫會升高多少。 由此可見，數學不僅是一門學 科，更是解決環保問題的有力工具。 小思考，大智慧 1. 你知道日常生活中，有哪些物品 可以回收再用嗎？ 2. 如果一個家庭每星期使用5個塑膠 瓶，1年會使用塑膠瓶多少個？這 些塑膠瓶如果不回收，會對環境 造成甚麼影響？ 3. 你覺得減少用紙對環境有甚麼好 處？我們如何用數學來幫助計算 減少用紙後，能節省多少樹木？ 參考答案 1. 日常生活中，常見的可回收物品 包括紙張、塑膠瓶、玻璃瓶和金 屬罐等。 2. 一個家庭每星期使用5個塑膠瓶， 1年使用5 × 52 = 260個。如果不 回收這些塑膠瓶，這些廢物便會 對環境造成污染，影響生態系統。 3. 減少用紙可以保護樹木，減少森 林砍伐。數學可以幫助計算節省 的紙張量，從而估算減少的樹木 砍伐數量。例如，每噸紙張需要 砍伐17棵樹，減少使用1噸紙張， 便可以減少砍伐17棵樹。 星島教室 數學應用 葉劍㷨 中華基督教會 蒙黃花沃紀念小學 數學科主任 鄭家豪 中華基督教會 蒙黃花沃紀念小學 電腦科主任 作者介紹 人類活動對地球的影響日益加劇，氣候變化、資源短 缺、污染等挑戰正威脅着生態系統的平衡與人類的未來。我 們所學習的數學不僅是科學的基礎，更是理解環保問題和尋 找解決方案的重要工具。數學幫助我們量化環境影響、預測 未來趨勢，並設計出有效的策略來保護地球。無論是計算碳 排放、優化資源分配，還是模擬生態系統的變化，數學都在 為環保事業提供強大的支持，讓我們能夠以更科學的方式應 對環境危機，為下一代創造一個更永續的未來。 本欄，由教育評議會邀請資 深中小學老師、校長及大學講師 撰稿，旨在為學生提供多元化的 STEAM學習材料，引發學生探求知 識的興趣，將學習融入生活，培養 學生的世界觀、敏銳的觸覺、積極 學習的態度。 讀社論學 英文 In recent years, foreign media have frequently promoted the narrative of "foreign capital withdrawing from China". These reports often cite specific exiting foreign companies, making the argument appear convincing while many readers believe it. However, China is a complex country. Taking an oversimplified perspective is akin to blind men groping an elephant. While it is true that some foreign enterprises have left, they have either been misled by political bias or failed to adapt to changes in the Chinese market. In contrast, companies that can thrive are often most competitive. 10% increase in foreign firms last year The "foreign capital loss" narrative does have an objective background. Since the Trump 1.0 era, the US has imposed trade restrictions on China and sought to isolate it politically and technologically, leading to full-scale deterioration of Sino-US relations. Some foreign enterprises have thus made a "one-or-the-other" choice. Meanwhile, China's increasing downtrend, particularly amid a relatively slow recovery from the pandemic, has made foreign media pessimistic. Those unwilling to bear the risks or squeezed out by local competition have chosen to leave. Has foreign investment lost its growth potential in China? There is no simple answer as the situation is quite complex. Some analysts focus solely on capital flow, concluding that "foreign investors are leaving China" when they see their investment contract in 2024. However , they have biasedly ignored the fact that China has attracted over one trillion yuan in foreign investment for three consecutive years since 2021. On February 10, the state-run People's Daily published an article Is Foreign Capital Massively Withdrawing from China? which pointed out that newly established foreign firms in 2024 increased by 9.9 per cent. If China could no longer offer opportunities, why would there be an increase of nearly two digits? It is more factual to say that many foreign companies still see the potential in China. The core message of the commentary is straightforward: foreign enterprises should assess China objectively and fairly. Many foreign businesses succeeded in China. There have been rumours that Walmart is planning to withdraw. However, the People's Daily pointed out that Walmart ' s Sam' s Club recently opened its 52nd store in Zhejiang, demonstrating its confidence in the country. Companies such as Tesla and Apple, though not mentioned in the article, have also increased their presence in China, the primary reasons being the well-developed supply chain and highly automated manufacturing capabilities, which are crucial for profitability to make them unwilling to easily leave. Currently, China's GDP remains the second largest in the world, with per capita GDP exceeding US$10,000. As Chinese society reaches relative affluence, consumers naturally demand higher standards from both domestic and foreign brands, perhaps becoming more picky. Only truly competitive foreign enterprises can establish a foothold in China. Whi le Tes la and Apple face competition from domestic brands like BYD, Huawei, etc., they have not been eliminated. In fact, they still represent premium brands for many Chinese people. From a market perspective, this reflects their adaptability to Chinese consumers' preferences. Challenges come with opportunities Unl ike in the 1980s when foreign investment was needed to kick-start reforms, China today has become a global leader in industrial production and trade. It no longer depends on foreign capital. However, this does not mean that China will not need or welcome foreign investment. Looking ahead, it is moving in the opposite direction of US de-globalization, implementing numerous uni lateral opening-up measures . These include granting foreign enterprises national treatment, shortening the negative lists for foreign investment and completely eliminating restrictions in the manufacturing sector. The nearly double-digit growth in foreign companies last year is no coincidence. Facing chal lenges i s real i ty but i t is undeniable that China remains full of opportunities. Those who leave hastily may ultimately miss out, while those who enter the Chinese market and find ways to adapt to its consumers' demands will achieve outstanding success. 翻譯自2月11日《星島日報》社論 （http://std.stheadline.com/） narrative (n) —— 描述 perspective (n) —— 觀點 grope (v) —— 摸索 commentary (n) —— 評論 affluence (n) —— 富裕 picky (adj) —— 挑剔的 foothold (n) —— 立足點 kick-start (v) —— 促使⋯⋯開始 political bias —— 政治偏見 capital flow —— 資金流 premium brand —— 高端品牌 negative list —— 負面清單 In a commentary earlier, the People's Daily cited Walmart, which reported a 17 per cent year-on-year increase in net sales in the third quarter of 2024. As local retail companies rise and consumer demand diversifies, traditional business models are no longer effective in China, leading some foreign firms to exit, according to the article. 1. The word _____ in the first paragraph is the opposite of "implausible". 2. US trade restrictions on China led to full-scale _____ of Sino-US relations. 3. In the passage, the word _____ means "share". 4. China still needs and welcomes _____ investment. 5. According to the last paragraph, firms that can find ways to adapt to Chinese consumers' demands will achieve _____ success in the country. Answers 1. convincing 2. deterioration 3. presence 4. foreign 5. outstanding & Q A Vocabulary Useful Terms Did you know? "Foreign capital loss" can't hold – competitiveness is key 翻譯︰George D6 侷芎 05.23.2025 星期五
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