兩大類型 目前香港流行的電動平衡車主 要分為兩類： 1. 電動滑板車（雙輪） ‧外形類似傳統滑板，配備雙輪與 踏板，穩定性較高，適合初學者。 ‧部分高階型號時速可達30公里， 但因車身較重，緊急煞車時慣性 衝力大，容易引發摔車事故。 2. 電動單輪車 ‧僅靠單輪與雙腳夾持維持平衡， 體積輕巧如手提包，便於攜帶。 ‧對駕駛者的平衡感要求極高，且 因缺乏物理煞車裝置，須完全依 賴重心後移減速，操作不慎易釀 意外。 物理現象 電動平衡車的運作，核心仰賴3 大科學原理：陀螺效應、重心反饋 控制，以及動能轉換機制。這些原 理共同構築了車輛的平衡與動力系 統，卻也暗藏失控風險。 1. 陀螺效應： 自旋輪子的「不倒翁」魔法 「陀螺儀」是電動平衡車的「平 衡守護者」。其核心為高速旋轉的 飛輪，根據「角動量守恆定律」，旋 轉物體的角動量方向會抵抗外力改 變。當車身傾斜時，陀螺儀內部飛 輪的旋轉軸會產生進動效應，即自 動調整方向以抵消傾斜力矩，從而 穩定車體。 ‧ 物理公式：角動量L=Iω（I為轉動 慣量；ω為角速度） ‧實際應用：陀螺儀每秒數千轉的高 速旋轉，使其能即時感測車體姿態 變化，並通過微處理器調整馬達輸 出，維持動態平衡。 2. 重心反饋控制： 人車合一的「意念驅動」 電動平衡車的「前進」與「後 退」，實質上是駕駛者重心位移與傳 感器互動的結果。車內置的加速度 傳感器與傾角傳感器，會即時偵測 重心偏移角度（通常精確至0.1度）。 ‧牛頓第二定律：當駕駛者前傾，傳 感器便會將傾角數據轉換為加速度 指令（a=F/m，其中F是合力，m是 物體的質量，a是加速度），驅動馬 達產生向前推力。 ‧反向控制：後仰時系統降低馬達功 率或反向輸出，實現減速或倒車。 此機制模擬了人體行走時的「自 然平衡」——大腦透過小腦調節肌 肉，而平衡車則以電子信號替代生 物神經。然而，過度依賴重心控制 可能導致「滯後效應」：若駕駛者突 然大幅前傾，馬達須瞬間輸出高功 率，易因反應不及而失控。 3. 動能危機： 速度如何化身「隱形殺手」 電動平衡車的危險性，根源於 動能隨速度平方增長的特性。以時 速30公里（約8.33米/秒）為例： ‧動能公式：Ek=1/2 mv 2 （其中E k代 表動能，m代表質量（千克），v代 表速度（米/秒）） 假設車體加人體總重80公斤，動能 Ek=0.5×80×(8.33) 2|2,776焦耳（等 同於從3米高處墜落的衝擊力）。 ‧跳車衝擊：若跳車逃生，腳部須 在短時間（約0.1秒）內吸收這股能 量，根據衝量公式︰F=Δp/Δt （其中F代表淨外力的大小，ΔP 代表動量的變化量，Δt代表外力 作用的時間），腳掌承受的力可達 27,760牛頓（約2,830公斤力），足以 導致粉碎性骨折。 4. 路面變數 輪胎與地面的摩擦力（Ff=μN， 其中μ為摩擦係數，N為正向力）， 既是行車動力，也是潛在危機： ‧濕滑路面：摩擦係數降低（如柏油 路濕滑時μ|0.3），車輪易打滑， 陀螺儀便因無法有效反饋而失控。 ‧顛簸地形：車體瞬間離地時，傳感 器便失去參考基準，可能誤判為 「自由落體」而停止輸出動力，導致 落地後失衡。 法例規管 儘管電動平衡車風靡全球，香 港現行法例卻對其使用設下嚴格框 架： ‧ 《道路交通條例》第374章：將電動 平衡車歸類為「汽車」，須領牌及 投保方可上路。然而，運輸署以 安全為由拒絕發牌，變相禁止所 有公共道路使用。 ‧ 康樂及文化事務署管轄範圍：公 園、郊野公園等場地亦明文禁止 使用，違禁者最高可罰款2000元 及監禁3個月。 然而，法規模糊與執法寬鬆的 矛盾，催生「灰色地帶」： ‧玩家多趁深夜出沒，或轉戰私人 場地； ‧有活動愛好者參考台灣、澳洲等 地的分級管理（如限速、限齡）， 取代一刀切禁令。 電動平衡車的便捷無可否認， 但其風險與法規困境亦不容忽視。 政府欲推動綠色出行，或可借鑑國 際經驗，劃定專用車道、強制佩戴 護具、規範車速上限，讓「風火輪」 真正成為安全可靠的代步選擇。而 玩家更須銘記：科技雖能賦予速 度，惟有謹慎與尊重法律，方能駕 馭自由。 小思考，大智慧 1. 如果在私人屋苑內使用電動平衡 車，是否合法？ 2. 若因為使用電動平衡車受傷，保險 會否賠償？ 參考答案 1. 根據法例，只要場地屬於「私人物 業範圍」且業主允許，即可合法使 用。但須注意，若私人場地連通 公共道路（如屋苑出入口），駛出 後仍可能觸犯法例。 2. 香港保險業聯會明確指出，任何違 法行為（如於公共道路行駛）均不 受保單保障。換言之，若在禁區 發生意外，醫療或責任賠償恐須 自行承擔。 星島教室 科學探知 馮穎匡博士 香港大學博士後研究員（人工智能）、 教育評議會執委 近期內地動畫電影《哪吒》大熱， 相傳哪吒腳踏「風火輪」，瞬息千 里、上天入地。時至今日，「風火輪」 的幻想已化身為現實中的電動平衡車 （Hoverboard），成為都市人短途代步的 新寵。這類裝置憑藉靈活與速度，悄然穿 梭於香港的街巷與郊野，卻也因潛藏的法 律及安全風險，引發爭議。本文將從種類 差異、科學原理、香港法規3方面，初步探 討電動平衡車的新知識。 本欄，由教育評議會邀請資深中小學 老師、校長及大學講師撰稿，旨在為學生 提供多元化的STEAM學習材料，引發學生 探求知識的興趣，將學習融入生活，培養 學生的世界觀、敏銳的觸覺、積極學習的 態度。 ■圖片來源︰www.hoverboards.co.uk/ drifter-fire-by-hoverboard 作者介紹 讀社論學 英文 Alibaba's ride-hailing app, Gaode Dache, entered Hong Kong last May, initially offering only online taxi-hailing services. However, it has quietly expanded its private hire vehicles (PHVs), triggering opposition from the taxi industry. Some have even threatened a strike to force the government to address the issue. A strike would inevitably impact drivers' livelihood and harm public interest, making it an undesirable course of action. The industry's concerns, however, are valid. In recent years, technological advancements have dramatically transformed the personal point-to-point transportation industry. Yet the government has failed to proactively update regulations, falling significantly behind market developments. The authorities must swiftly react to changes. Gaode charges 20-30% less than Uber Under current laws, ride-hailing platforms are legal. However, providing passenger transport for hire without a hire car permit, commonly referred to as PHV service, is illegal. This is not a new issue. When Uber entered Hong Kong 11 years ago, the taxi industry already felt the threat. Last year, some even carried out "sting operations" to crack down on Uber drivers. Gaode, which is new to the PHV market, does not directly partner with vehicle operators. Instead, it acts as an "aggregator" of ridehailing services with fares 20 to 30 per cent lower than Uber's, making it highly competitive. This has sparked the taxi industry's latest strike threats. Both residents and tourists have frequently criticized traditional taxis. Whether it is about poor attitude or aging vehicles, there seems much room for improvement. However, Gaode raises a fundamental ly di f ferent issue. It is well known that taxi operation in Hong Kong involves numerous restrictions, including licensing and insurance fees as well as compliance with the Taxi-Driver-Offence Points System. In contrast, PHVs operate under minimal regulation, and drivers may not even have proper insurance. With just several tens of thousands of dollars and a vehicle, one can enter the market. This results in unfair play that must be addressed. It is undeniable that the strong demand for ride-hailing services has created vast opportunities. As long as the entry threshold remains low, more investors wi l l enter the market. Companies like Uber (USA), TADA (Singapore) and Gaode (China) have al l capital ized on this demand, offering economy, premium, business and luxury ride options. Unless regulatory standards are raised and legal grey areas resolved, more stakeholders will inevitably emerge. Gaode is not likely the last. Outdated laws leave gaps in regulation On one hand, the taxi industry must address passenger complaints to reform itself - the key to enhancing competitiveness. Resorting to strikes will only ruin public perception without winning support. On the other hand, the government must ensure fair & properly regulated competition in the sector. Ridehailing services have existed for years, but the regulatory framework has not been updated, which is unjustified. The demand is loud and clear, yet the authorities continue to conduct studies at a pace lagging far behind. Outdated laws have resulted in loopholes, leaving all parties unprotected. While regulating the industry is undoubtedly challenging, stronger oversight is necessary to safeguard passenger rights and fair competition. The government must not delay. It should accelerate its regulatory review. Key issues to address include platform regulation, defining eligible vehicle types & numbers and clarifying legal & insurance requirements to propose a legislative framework as clear guidance. Some political figures have suggested establ ishing a tripart i te communicat ion platform involving industry representatives, ride-hailing platforms and passengers. This is a commendable idea that the government should consider, as it may help ease tensions. Experience from other regions has shown that taxis and ride-hailing services can co-exist under fair competition. Even mainland China legalized ride-hailing as early as in 2016. Hong Kong should learn from successful models and catch up. 翻譯自2月13日《星島日報》社論 （http://std.stheadline.com/） proactively (adv) —— 積極地 aggregator (n) —— 資訊彙集公司 premium (adj) —— 頂級的 stakeholder (n) —— 持份者 unjustified (adj) —— 沒有根據的 oversight (n) —— 監管 tripartite (adj) —— 三方的 commendable (adj) —— 值得稱讚的 hire car permit —— 出租汽車許可證 sting operation —— 「放蛇」行動 entry threshold —— 入場門檻 grey area —— 灰色地帶 Thousands of Hong Kong taxi drivers and owners may launch a citywide strike as soon as March 5 if the government fails to crack down on unlicensed ride-hailing services, industry representatives have warned. The industry has also threatened to surrender taxi licences en masse, halt bank mortgage payments and sue the government for financial losses if its demands are ignored. 1. The word _____ in the first paragraph is the opposite of "passively". 2. Gaode has become highly _____ with lower fares. 3. In the passage, the word _____ means "supervision". 4. There are loopholes because the laws are _____. 5. According to the last paragraph, Hong Kong should learn from successful _____ models around the world. Answers 1. proactively 2. competitive 3. oversight / regulation 4. outdated 5. ride-hailing & Q A Vocabulary Useful Terms Did you know? Regulate ride-hailing ASAP – fair competition for passenger rights 翻譯︰George D6 侷芎 05.28.2025 星期三
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