讀社論學 英文 至人無為 無所可用即逍遙 莊子（前369-前286），宋國蒙（今河南商丘）人。楚威王聽說他很有才學， 派人重金禮聘，許以相位。他一口拒絕，寧願處在低微的下位，過着不受拘 束的簡單生活，安貧樂道。他繼承老子「道法自然」的思想，發展出一套天道 觀，主張齊萬物、一死生、絕聖棄智、養生盡年，其哲學思想見於《莊子》。 【作者介紹】 備戰 文憑試 範文賞析 The Policy Address proposed building 30,000 light public housing (LPH) units in the next five years. After over three months of discussions and adjustments, the government found eight plots of land and drafted the design, basic facilities and rent levels, showing its determination to accommodate sub-divided flat dwellers as soon as possible with cheaper rents. Spending huge amounts of public money and temporarily allocating prime urban sites for LPH to help the grassroots out of harsh living environments are commendable. But it is only a desperate means. Long-term land plans must not be affected. Housing Secretary Winnie Ho Wing-yin arranged for members of the Executive Council, Legislative Council and media to visit an LPH demonstration unit in Kai Tak on January 30 and held a briefing on the latest progress of the project. She announced four more sites, three of which are in urban areas, which will account for half of the total supply. Except for the two plots in Yuen Long and Sheung Shui with only three-storey blocks, the other six will have blocks of 17 to 19 floors. The authorities will apply to the Legco for funding in two rounds. Reducing costs to save about $1 billion After the authorities announced four initial LPH sites and construction costs at the end of November last year, heated discussions were triggered. Receiving feedbacks that some of these remote New Territories sites lack attraction, authorities finally found three in urban areas. The one in Kai Tak can have more than 10,000 units to meet employment and schooling needs. As for the remote New Territories locations, the authorities are discussing with the transportation companies for additional bus and minibus routes to meet needs. Meanwhile, LPH design and construction cost about $26.8 billion. That is an average of over $890,000 per unit, higher than the $650,000 for traditional public housing. It has been criticized for being expensive. The authorities immediately cut costs in foundation design, sludge treatment, floor height, not installing air conditioners, etc. to save about $1 billion or an average of $30,000 per unit. According to the authorities, LPH units will come in three types for households of one to two, three to four and four to five. The rent of a large unit of about 330 square feet is only $2,650 per month, which is 90 per cent of traditional public housing in the same district. The grassroots can pay very cheap rent, thereby reducing the financial burden of those living in sub-divided flats to improve family life. Although all sectors support improving the living environment of sub-divided flat dwellers, developers have some negative comments on the allocation of a prime Kai Tak site for LHP. It is planned to become the second core business district with mid- to high-end residential units, hotels, a cruise terminal and a sports park. The authorities, however, made changes again and again. Last year three commercial sites have been changed for residence and now for LHP. They are worried about resource misallocation. The lack of hotels and commercial facilities in the area will affect the core business district orientation, which is not conducive to development. However, there are always public and private housing in urban renewal overseas. In the reconstruction of old areas in the UK, developers are responsible for the construction of new blocks on the condition that a certain percentage of the completed residential projects will be for subsidized housing. The allocation of prime urban sites for LPH is only temporary, because even if enough land is found to build public housing for the next 10 years, the supply will be "bottom-heavy". To quickly improve the lives of sub-divided flat dwellers and shorten public housing waiting times, a special means is necessary. Sites for private housing can be borrowed for LPH to exchange more time with space. Review allocation to prevent vacancy Although the authorities have cut expenditures by about $1 billion, the Choi Hing Road transitional housing project approved last year adopted the Modular Integrated Construction method like the LPH. The former only builds 331 units but the cost of each is about $510,000 even with eight storeys and lifts. The large number of LPH units will bring a Scale Economies Effect. Therefore, the government needs to examine how to further reduce construction costs to win Legco approval. In addition, most sub-divided flat residents live in old urban buildings. They prefer LPH units in urban areas to the remote New Territories. It may result in the repeat of the United Court in Yuen Long with a 60 per cent occupancy rate one year after completion. Therefore, the authorities must prepare a proper allocation mechanism and provide incentives to avoid the negative result of no one living in some completed LPH units. 翻譯自1月31日《星島日報》社論 （http://std.stheadline.com/） prime (adj) ——最好的 remote (adj) ——遙遠的 commendable (adj) ——值得讚揚的 cruise (n) ——郵輪 desperate (adj) ——非常嚴重的 misallocation (n) ——錯配 briefing (n) ——簡報 conducive (adj) ——有利的 foundation design —— 地基設計 sludge treatment —— 污泥處理 negative comment —— 負面意見 core business district —— 核心商業區 Chief Executive John Lee Ka-chiu announced in his maiden Policy Address that about 30,000 LPH units would be completed in five years to address the shortterm public housing shortage. Together with the number of traditional public housing units to be completed in the same period, the overall public housing supply will be increased by about 50 per cent. 1. The word _____ in the first paragraph is the opposite of "inferior". 2. Some sites in the New Territories are _____. 3. In the passage, the word _____ means "unfavourable". 4. The allocation of prime urban sites for LPH is _____. 5. According to the last paragraph, a proper __________ mechanism for LPH units is needed. Answers 1. prime 2. remote 3. negative 4. temporary 5. allocation & Q A Vocabulary Useful Terms Did you know? 翻譯︰George LPH units on prime land for sub-divided flat dwellers 蔡益懷 筆名南山，暨南大學文藝學博 士，作家、文學評論家，長年 在專上學院任教「創意寫作」及 「中文寫作」等課程。 D4 侷芎 07.02.2024 星期二 聖人無名 神人無功 這是不是有點反智？對，不﹁反﹂ 非莊子。在世 俗的角度難以理解他的觀念，一點也不奇怪。莊子 的腦袋確實大異常人，想像力特別好，與人論辯總 是神思飛越、想落天外，出人意表，尤其擅長逆向 思維。︽莊子︾ 的開篇之作︿逍遙遊﹀ ，就可以讓我們 見識到這位智者的非凡智慧。此作對﹁無﹂ 的真義作 了充分的闡發，表明只有﹁無待﹂ ︵無所憑藉︶的至 人、神人、聖人，才能夠達到逍遙的大自在境界。 文中藉﹁北冥有魚﹂ 、﹁堯讓天下﹂ 、﹁姑射神人﹂ 、 ﹁大瓠之種﹂，說明了聖人無名、神人無功、至人無 己的道理，闡明﹁無己﹂ 無待﹂，才是真正的自由 之道。 這一連串的名詞未免太抽象，還是通過具體的 閱讀來看看莊子是怎麼看問題的。﹁大瓠之種﹂ 這一 節，記敘莊子通過與惠子的一番對話展開 辯駁， 分辨﹁小用﹂ 與﹁大用﹂ 之別，揭示﹁無用之用﹂ 、﹁至 人無為﹂之理。惠子就是惠施，名家學派的代表人 物。他和莊子是至交，兩人的口舌交鋒，濺出的都 是智慧火花。 惠子對莊子說，魏王送給他大葫蘆的種子，種 植出來的果實足有五石之大。這樣的大葫蘆用來盛 水，其硬度不足以承受那重量，剖開來作瓢，又 大得無處可容。他看這東西大而無用，就把它砸碎 了。莊子說他真是不善於用﹁大﹂ 。於是，他講了一 個﹁不龜手之藥﹂ 的故事。話說在宋國有一戶世代以 漂洗棉絮為業的人家，有不皸手的藥方。有個外地 人聽說後，出﹁百金﹂ 來買他們的藥方。這家人聚在 一起商議，一家人世代漂洗，一年的收入不過﹁數 金﹂，賣了方子就一下子有百金，就決定賣了。那 個外地人買下方子，便去游說吳王。時逢越國來 犯，吳王委任此人為將，在冬天與越軍打水戰，大 敗敵軍。這個人也得到土地的賞賜。 莊子由此評說，同一個不皸手的藥方，有人因 此而得到封賞，有人卻用來做漂洗工作，就僅僅是 因為用法不同就有如此之大的差異。現在惠子有一 個五石大的葫蘆，怎麼不考慮用它作腰舟浮游於江 湖呢？惠子只愁它無處可容，實在是心竅被茅草給 塞住了。 破除成見 反向思維 聽出這兩位高人話語間的弦外之音了嗎？惠子 諷刺莊子的學說大而無用，莊子則語帶機鋒，反 諷對方有﹁蓬之心﹂ ，執迷於成見，見識淺陋。在這 裏，莊子展現出﹁破執﹂ 的反向思維理路。 惠子也不甘示弱，又對莊子說，他有一棵臭 椿樹，樹幹臃腫不合繩墨，小枝也是彎彎曲曲不 合規矩，長在路邊，木匠都不看它一眼。他緊接 着說，你講的那一套，大而無用，家都會離棄 啊！這次，莊子以狸狌、斄牛為例，講出了﹁有 用﹂則有患的道理，他反問難道沒見過野貓、黄 鼠狼嗎？牠們弓着身子伺機捕捉小動物，東跳西 躍，不避高下，一踏中捕獵的關，就死在網 裏；再看牦牛，大得像天邊的雲，功用也很大 卻不會捉老鼠。現在你有這麼一棵大樹，卻 嫌它沒有用處，為甚麼不把它種在寬闊的 無人之鄉、廣漠之野？這樣就可以優游寫 意地在樹旁徜徉、在樹下躺臥。這樣的 大樹不會有被斬伐的命運，沒有甚麼東 西可以傷害它。無所可用會有甚麼煩 惱困苦呢？ 言說至此，也就不難理解莊子的﹁無用﹂ 觀了。在他看來，﹁有用﹂ 之物，相對來說不 過是﹁小用﹂ ，且常常招來禍患；相反，﹁無用﹂ 則 無害，這是其無用中的﹁大 。至人無為，道理也 就在這裏，無己、無待，﹁本來無一物，何處惹塵 埃﹂？ ︻內容分析︼ ︻筆法︼ 巧譬妙喻 開人心竅 老莊哲學素來給人﹁玄﹂ 的感覺，要讀 懂、領會其中奧義，殊為不易。莊子的思維 天馬行空，智力直逼人類極限。從︿逍遙遊﹀ 就可看到這個特點，想像奇特，聯想豐富， 且筆法誇張。 莊子特別擅長用喻證的手法，像本文中 的大瓠、大樗、狸狌、斄牛等，都是很好的 喻體，形象地說明了作者想表達的道理。莊 子的思想固然玄遠，然又不難從那些生動的 比喻、寓言中得以啟悟。這也是︽莊子︾ 的迷 人之處，恣肆善辯，不按常理﹁出牌﹂ ，巧譬 妙喻，三言兩語就打破執念重估價值，開 人心竅讓人找回﹁自我﹂ ，消解塵俗羈絆。 讀懂莊子，無用無待，人生無處不逍遙。 莊子在世 讓長逆論向辯總 我們 真義作 ︶的至 ﹂具這體的的自至由人人無﹂境、界。 一 、辯﹁駁， 至 講了它砸瓢碎，用又來子盛，種出的代都表人 一 過人﹁聚個在外世地代以 數 戰，越大國了來。那 封賞 ，有人卻 用來 做漂 洗工作， 就僅 僅是 用法不同就有如此之大的差異。現在惠子有一 除成見 甘示弱，又對莊子說，他有 一棵臭 不避高下，一踏中捕獵的機關，就死在網 樹，卻 游寫 苦呢？ 用﹂ 這裏，無己、無待，﹁ 本來無一物， 何處惹塵 ？ 竅 思要讀 維 好的文中富，遙遊﹀ 逍遙，是一種境界，超然物外，無拘無束， 精神自由。在常人的意識裏，要活得逍遙快活， 多數想到的是﹁有﹂ ，即有用、有為，追求的是有 權、有勢、有名、有利；而莊子卻不這麼看， 他強調的是﹁無﹂ ，講的是無己、無待﹁無用之 用﹂，注重的是無憂、無慮、無災、無難。
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