01_23_2026星島日報(紐約大都會版)

歷史打造的香港特別行政區 潘詠儀 元朗公立中學校友會鄧兆棠中學 榮休校長 地名由來 那麼,「香港」之名,究竟從何而來? 香港地名由來說法紛紜,歷史學者的主流 說法認為與香料貿易有關。明代至清初, 今日石排灣沿岸一帶的植物香料出口旺 盛;這些香料品種多元,包括沉香、女兒 香、青桂香、馬蹄香等。由於多產自東莞 縣,故統稱「莞香」。莞香是許多香料製品 的原料,上等品質價比黃金,遠銷至蘇杭 和京師。自明代起,香農將產品從東莞產 地運到今稱尖沙咀的「香埗頭」,再以船隻 轉運至石排灣附近的小港,然後經廣州 陸路北運。因此,島上這個小港得名「香 港」,附近村莊則稱為「香港村」。「香港」 一名最早見於明代萬曆二十三年(1595年) 《粵大記》附圖中的港口標註,可知此名早 於明代已見於文獻。 香港如何進入國際視線?不少歷史學 家認為與水源有關。位於港島南端、距離 當年石排灣不遠(即今日華富邨)的瀑布, 被視為19世紀西方商船遠渡華南的補給取 水之地。學者推斷,「香港」這個名字,極 可能是西方船隊在石排灣與當地客家人及 蜑家人溝通時得知,因而流傳至海外。 百年滄桑 19世紀初期,英國以鴉片打開中國 市場,香港島與九龍之間的維多利亞港 成為鴉片走私貿易的集散地。1839年, 因英國海軍軍官醉酒毆斃村民林維喜, 引發中英鴉片戰爭,清軍節節敗退。 1841年1月26日,英軍於香港島西環水坑 口登陸,宣布佔領香港全島。翌年8月29 日,中英簽訂《南京條約》,清政府正式 割讓香港島予英國;英廷於1843年4月5 日宣布香港為英屬殖民地。 1856年,英法聯軍發動第二次鴉片 戰爭;1860年10月,聯軍攻陷北京,清 政府被逼簽訂《北京條約》,英國進一步 侵佔九龍半島南端(即今界限街以南地 區)。 1898年6月9日,英國強逼清政府簽 訂《展拓香港界址專條》,從同年7月1日 起強行租借深圳河以南、界限街以北及 附近235個島嶼(後稱「新界」),租期99 年,至1997年6月30日為止。 1941年12月,二戰期間日本向英美 宣戰並轟炸港九多處,香港在開埠百年 後淪陷。直至1945年8月15日盟軍勝利, 日本無條件投降,結束了歷時三年零八 個月的日佔時期。戰後香港湧入大量移 民,住房、醫療和教育需求促使政府加 強基建與民生投入。移民帶來的大量資 本、技術及勞動力,成功推動香港轉型 為主要工業中心。及至1970年代,香港 經濟迅速起飛,逐漸發展成世界金融及 航運中心。 脫殖與回歸 1971年,中華人民共和國重返聯合國 後,成功爭取將香港和澳門從殖民地名單 中刪除。1982年,已故國家領導人鄧小平 提出以「一國兩制」解決香港問題,並表明 主權問題沒有談判餘地。1997年7月1日, 時任國家主席江澤民宣布中華人民共和國 香港特別行政區政府成立,歷時156年的 英國殖民時期宣告結束。 憑藉優越的地理位置、中西文化交融 的特質、市民靈活拼搏的精神,以及回歸 後「一國兩制」的獨特優勢,香港從一個港 口漁村、轉口港,躍升為世界金融都會與 國際名城。回歸28年以來,香港在多個國 際排名中表現出色:例如在加拿大菲沙研 究所《世界經濟自由度報告》中,獲評為全 球最自由經濟體。在高等教育領域,根據 2026年QS世界大學排名,香港共有5間大 學進入全球百強,包括香港大學、香港中 文大學、香港科技大學、香港理工大學及 香港城市大學。 香港從新安縣的小村落開始,經歷殖 民歲月、熬過屈辱剝削,最終回歸祖國 懷抱,屢創佳績。期盼香港善用「背靠祖 國、聯通世界」的優勢,與全球共享繁榮。 香港是中華人民共和國兩 個特別行政區之一,亦是珠 江三角洲、粵港澳大灣區乃至亞 太地區的主要城市。它位於珠江 三角洲南端洋面,水深港闊,可 供巨輪碇泊。香港早於秦代已被 納入中國版圖,隸屬南海郡;其 後由漢至清,先後歸番禺縣、寶 安縣、東莞縣和新安縣管治。 歷史思與行 1. 除了「香港村」與「香埗頭」以外,你 認識哪些早在中國古籍中出現的香 港地名嗎? 2. 為甚麼香港的主權問題沒有談判的 餘地? 3. 在抗日戰 爭期間, 中華大地 全 面 抗 戰,香港 在當中作 出了哪些 貢獻? ■莞香花 ■畫家William Havell 於1816年筆下位於 香港仔附近(今日華富邨)的瀑布。 莞香雖負盛名,但上品產量稀 少,且需樹齡10餘年以上方可結香, 因此整個東莞縣僅得寥寥數處能產上 品。到了清代雍正年間,因宮中需求 殷切,朝廷派出專吏到東莞搜求上品 莞香。吏役搜求不得,便以嚴刑追 索,甚至杖殺未能如期交香的地保吏 役。香農為免招禍,紛紛砍伐香樹, 舉家逃亡。隨着香木種植業沒落,香 港的莞香貿易也就此湮沒。 莞香貿易為何式微? 冷知識 BOX 星島 教室 ■今年7月 1日,金紫 荊廣場舉行 升旗禮,慶 祝香港特別 行政區成立 28周年。 ■百年莞香樹 ■莞香成品 作者介紹 讀社論學 英文 In the week ending August 2, Guangdong reported 2,892 new cases of chikungunya fever. Although there have been no severe cases or deaths, the central government is taking it very seriously, sending Vice Premier Liu Guozhong for investigation, while a week-long mosquito eradication campaign was launched. As for neighbouring Hong Kong, an imported case has already been conf irmed. Given the frequency of travel in the GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, it is almost certain that there will be more cases. However, the epidemic is not as threatening as the COVID-19 pandemic, so there is no need for disruptive and "resource-intensive" measures. But we should not let down our guard or underestimate the risk of mosquitoborne transmission. Maintaining reasonable vigilance is a fundamental requirement for public health. Cases mild, not transmitted by humans Chikungunya fever was first discovered in 1952 in Tanzania, Africa. It is transmitted through bites from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The incubation period is three to eight days, up to 12 at most. Symptoms include fever, joint pain and rash. Perhaps because chikungunya does not spread between people via ordinary contact and most patients experience only mild symptoms that significantly improve within a week, it has not caused widespread panic. At most, people feel a bit nervous or find their daily lives disrupted. In Foshan, where there are more cases, people rush to buy mosquito nets and coils. In Hong Kong, pharmacies in some areas have run out of mosquito repellents and patches, but the kind of panic at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, such as calls for "border closure", has not been noticed. The most direct impact on Hong Kong is a decl ine in people travel l ing north. According to Immigrat ion Department figures, about 384,000 Hong Kong residents travel led to the mainland on Saturday, August 2 - a significant drop of 15 per cent compared to 451,000 the previous Saturday, July 26. In recent years, "north-shifting consumption" has caused much frustration among local businesses, with shop closures becoming commonplace. This outbreak might unexpectedly benef i t some local restaurants and retailers. Nevertheless, things will return to normal once the epidemic is under control. Even t hough t he fata l i t y rate o f chikungunya is not high and most patients recover on their own, it is still not to be taken lightly. For those who are strong and healthy with normal immune systems, it poses little threat, but it is a different story for "vulnerable" groups. Infection can lead to joint pain lasting for months or even years for the elderly. Pregnant women can pass the virus to their babies, affecting various organs or potentially causing long-term brain damage in newborns. Public health experts have thus issued clear warnings. So it is necessary for communities to strengthen mosquito prevention and eradication with a focus on protecting the vulnerable. A f t e r S A R S a n d C O V I D - 1 9 , Hongkongers are highly aware of public hygiene. In face of chikungunya, there is no need to overreact. Believing in science and embracing common sense will suffice. Every citizen should pay attention to their homes and surroundings, proact ively el iminate mosquito breeding grounds, and those who keep potted plants should change the water in the saucers frequently. The government has also done a lot, sending workers to clean and disinfect the estate where an infected 12-yearold boy lives, etc., while the community care teams distribute mosquito repellents & patches to residents and remind them to take precautionary measures. Trust science, embrace common sense As long as the government is wel l - prepared, together with the high-quality citizens, mosquito prevention and eradication will be effective. Of course, if the epidemic suddenly escalates and creates a heavy burden on the healthcare system, the government must take the lead in adopting more "robust" measures . But such s teps do not seem necessary at this stage. 翻譯自8月5日《星島日報》社論 (http://std.stheadline.com/) eradication (n) —— 杜絕 disruptive (adj) —— 引起混亂的 resource-intensive (adj) —— 資源密集型的 vigilance (n) —— 警覺 rash (n) —— 皮疹 commonplace (adj) —— 普遍的 newborn (n) —— 新生兒 embrace (v) —— 接受 incubation period —— 潛伏期 border closure —— 封關 fatality rate —— 死亡率 immune system —— 免疫系統 Hong Kong hea l t h au t ho r i t i es a r e on high alert af ter conf i rming an imported case of chikungunya fever. The Centre for Heal th Protect ion is working closely wi th mainland counterpar t s under an ex i s t i ng not i f i cat i on system and has enhanced health messaging at border points. As no rapid tests are currently available, doctors must send blood samples to the centre for confirmation. 1. The word _____ in the first paragraph is the opposite of "negligence". 2. Chikungunya fever does not spread between people via ordinary _____. 3. In the passage, the word _____ means "death". 4. Common _____ will help in the fight against chikungunya fever. 5. According to the last paragraph, more "_____" measures against the fever are not yet needed. Answers 1. vigilance 2. contact 3. fatality 4. sense 5. robust & Q A Vocabulary Useful Terms Did you know? Mainland chikungunya saves HK economy, but stay vigilant 翻譯︰George D6 侷芎 01.23.2026 星期五 天 地 人 時 誌 本欄由教育評議會邀請資深中小學教師及校長撰寫。 文章以生動有趣的方式,透過國節氣氣候、各地風土民情及歷史人物故事,帶領讀者探索中國文化與歷史的奧妙。

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