古今戰場英雄地︰安徽省 霸王別姬魂斷烏江 秦末，公元前202年，西楚霸王項羽 駐軍於垓下，有說此地位於今日安徽省固 鎮縣，亦有說是靈璧縣東南。無論西楚霸 王當時有沒有後悔於鴻門宴上放過對手劉 邦，他都要面對垓下由劉邦軍隊所奏起的 四面楚歌。 當日夜晚，劉邦軍隊士兵唱起楚地歌 謠，楚軍官兵聽到淒涼悲壯的楚歌，誤以 為漢軍完成渡江，士氣崩潰，營內皆呼： 「漢皆已得楚乎？」項羽率八百騎乘夜向南 突圍，劉邦漢軍率五千騎追殺。幾度突圍 後，行至安徽省長江流域，項羽身邊僅剩 二十多騎。 西楚霸王在出發突圍前不能帶上自己 的伴侶，無奈選擇與寵妃虞姬訣別，現在 眼前的江水再要自己作另一次選擇。西楚 霸王眼前的烏江是楚漢相爭的著名場景， 位於今安徽和縣境內，也是他自己的終點 站。烏江亭長建議他前往江東，但項羽自 覺起兵有八千江東子弟追隨，今日孤身隻 還，無面目見江東父老，不願渡江，他選 擇拿起手中寶劍，回頭下馬迎戰，擊殺眾 多漢軍後，揮劍自刎。項羽未能成就他的 霸業，也意想不到自己會成為尋常老百姓 笑談歷史時的風流人物。 風聲鶴唳遺恨淝水 楚漢相爭600年後，安徽省的長江流 域再次成為決戰的關鍵場合。晉朝在「五 胡」匈奴、羯、鮮卑、氐、羌侵擾下滅 亡，開啟「五胡十六國」的歷史。「十六國」 之一的前秦君主苻堅統一北方後，想滅掉 南方的晉室皇朝。公元383年，苻堅親率 號稱百萬大軍南下伐晉。出發前，有大臣 勸阻，可惜苻堅仿似穩操勝券，妄言： 「以吾之眾旅，投鞭於江，足斷其流。」誇 耀其百萬大軍有足以截斷長江水的氣勢。 但他萬萬想不到傾覆的不是長江水，而是 他的前秦大軍，他的皇朝。 安徽省壽縣的東南方有一長江支流， 名淝水。當時，前秦及東晉兩軍列陣於淝 水，苻堅答允讓自己軍隊後撤，讓晉軍渡 過淝水作戰的要求，並認為能待晉軍半 渡，陷於河中之時出擊，便能一舉殲滅。 但當前秦大軍後退時，陣內有人大叫「秦 兵敗矣」，前秦軍頓時軍心大亂，死傷無 數。兵敗逃亡的沿途上，前秦軍聽到風聲 及飛鶴叫聲，均以為晉軍伏兵追兵，心膽 俱裂。當時的苻堅或許後悔於不聽進言， 急求一統的霸業，但他萬萬想不到更殘酷 的是前秦帝國在「淝水之戰」後即面臨傾頹 瓦解，不禁令人想起強弱盛衰轉折之快。 而東晉抗敵成功，令當時年輕小伙子陶淵 明避開戰火洗禮，在多年後，寫下他田園 生活的代表作〈歸去來兮辭〉。此後的安徽 省，歷數代皇朝，然而，封建皇朝下，戰 火並沒離開此地。 國難當前皖南裂痕 抗日戰火升起，國民黨與共產黨在 「西安事變」後，合作抗日。至1941年， 「皖南事變」是抗日戰爭期間國共合作的 重要轉捩點。皖南位於安徽省長江以南 的南部地區，附近有氣勢磅礡的黃山、 九華山。距今近80年的皖南山區內，在 日本侵華的日子中，中國軍人卻沒有 全體在日佔區迎敵，他們部分被調動 到這片丘陵地，準備展開因為政見分歧 而催生的生死鬥，如果合作之說是成 立的話，眼前皖南發生的戰爭只是一場 內耗。國民黨軍與共產黨軍缺乏互信基 礎。1941年1月，國民黨軍認為共產黨帶 領下的新四軍有意擴張，故調集五個師 向新四軍發動攻擊，新四軍不敵潰敗， 多人陣亡。這場戰爭比當時的一些中日 戰役死傷還要多。 所謂「前事不忘，後事之師」，教訓 借鏡的不是戰爭成敗，環顧三段在安徽 省發生的古今戰事，當中無數英偉犧 牲，無論古今，一將功成，萬骨枯。試 想想︰原本犧牲的將士可以遠離戰火， 安居生活，或許他們就是其中一位「尋常 老百姓」、「文學家」，或許他們可以追求 自己的理想，或可以從其他渠道貢獻家 國，老百姓都是追求這樣的一個家園。 「滾滾長江東逝水，浪花淘盡英 雄。是非成敗轉頭空。青山依舊 在，幾度夕陽紅。」長江水東來入海， 流經安徽省南部，在安徽境內被稱為皖 江，是安徽省的重要地理分界和經濟文 化命脈。繁華背後，堆疊着濃厚歷史文 化，在過往經歷了無數戰爭場面。英雄 人物在這地寫下自己的一頁，成為安徽 省永不磨滅的印記。 不為五斗米折腰 東晉詩人陶淵明，曾任彭澤縣令 （此縣位於江西與安徽省交界），到任 不久，因不願趨炎附勢，向地方官員 殷勤諂媚，便道出那句︰「吾不能為五 斗米折腰，拳拳事鄉里小人邪！」事後 辭官歸隱，表達自己不能為這一丁點 薪水，對那些小人鞠躬。 「五斗米」即多少？ 五斗米，其實是晉朝官場一天的 工資。有研究指出，四斗米可以讓一 人吃一個月左右。 所以如此看來，「五斗米」並不如 陶淵明所說般微薄。 五斗米 冷知識 BOX 星島 教室 歷史思與行 1. 歷史上每一場戰爭的起因眾多，有沒有 避免的可能？如果我們是統治者，可 以如何避免戰爭？ 2. 「前事不忘，後事之師」。對你有何啟 發？ 3. 有謂「不以成敗論英雄」。你認為此句對 研習歷史有何啟發？ 4. 安徽省境 內有著名 的黃山景 點，你會 如何向遊 客推介這 個地方？ 王岳資 風采中學（教育評議會主辦） 中國歷史科老師 作者介紹 ■淮南壽縣古城 圖片來源︰新華網 讀社論學 英文 The US abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has already drawn widespread criticism and condemnation. Yet Venezuela is unlikely to be the last country targeted, as the White House has openly stated its intention to possess Greenland, a territory of Denmark, and not ruled out military means. Anyone with even a basic understanding of US history knows this is no empty threat. The Trump administration's r e n e w e d e n f o r c eme n t o f t h e "Mo n r o e Doctrine" and its ambition to dominate the Western Hemisphere are now very clear. Such unchecked hegemonic expansion not only undermines the rule of international law but also poses a grave threat to global peace. Hyping "China threat" as smokescreen Greenland in northeastern North America is the world's largest island, six times as large as Germany. As early as 1946, the US sought to "purchase" it, but Denmark refused. President Truman then did not resort to brute force, which was relatively "civilized". US President Donald Trump, however, is different. During his first term, he already made clear his desire to lay hands on the island. Since returning to office, he becomes even more aggressive and crude. Why is the US so obsessed with Greenland at all costs? The most obvious reason is "national security" - during the Cold War, it was aimed at the Soviet Union; today, the targets are China and Russia. Trump recently even claimed that Greenland coastal waters are "teeming with Chinese and Russian vessels" but Denmark is incapable of defending the island, making a US takeover necessary. This rhetoric is merely a rehash of old arguments, hyping the "China threat" to cloak the expansion in a veneer of legitimacy. I f the US sei zes Greenland, the f i rs t casualty would be NATO unity. The US and Denmark are both NATO founding members and historically aligned due to shared antiSoviet and anti-communist goals. Using force aga i ns t Gr een l and may amount t o a l l i e s turning on each other . Denmark ' s pr ime minister has already warned that such an act would effectively spell the end of NATO. At that point, Latin American countries such as Venezuela and Cuba would continue to resist wi th ant i -Amer ican sent iment intens i fying within the Western bloc. The following decline in US international influence could leave it isolated and friendless. On the other hand, conf rontat ion of power s wou l d be exacerba t ed . As g l oba l warming accelerates and Arctic ice melts, new shipping routes are opening up, making Arctic resources - including those in Greenland - easier for many countries to exploit. Russia, as an Arctic state, naturally has a strong voice in the region. China, though not geographically an Arctic country, stated in its 2018 white paper China's Arctic Policy that it is an "important stakeholder" actively participating in scientific research, use of shipping routes and resource exp l ora t i on . As f or the US , Gr een l and ' s abundant reserves of rare earths, graphite, copper, nickel and other valuable minerals hold great appeal for Trump to bring manufacturing back. There is nothing wrong with sharing Arctic resources. It can benef i t the people of the region as well as humanity. However, Trump's coercive seizure would intensify competition or even spark military confrontation, completely betraying the spirit of international cooperation and peaceful development. An international order destructor Modern colonialism began with the Age of Discovery in the 15th century. By the mid-20th century, as notions of equality took root, open territorial annexation virtually disappeared. Yet astonishingly, such thinking appears to be resurfacing in the 21st century. The Trump administration has not only brazenly detained a foreign leader but also placed countries such as Colombia, Panama, Cuba and Canada on a "threat list" while making no effort to conceal its ambitions towards Greenland. The US is clearly not a reliable world peace defender. Rather, it is a destructor that places itself above all others and tramples international order. Under his manipulation, the international situation is sliding towards greater confrontation and ins tabi l i ty. Al l count r ies and peopl es commi t ted to peace and cooperat ion must remain highly vigilant and jointly resist this naked hegemonic expansion through diplomatic, economic and public-opinion means. Only by upholding multilateralism, national sovereignty and internat ional law can the world avoid repeating the mistakes of history and falling into the abyss of conflict & division. 翻譯自1月8日《星島日報》社論 （http://std.stheadline.com/） Thirst for Greenland revived, US threatens world 翻譯︰George unchecked (adj) ——無節制的 grave (adj) ——嚴重的 teeming (adj) ——充滿 rehash (n) ——重新推出 hype (v) ——炒作 cloak (v) ——掩藏 veneer (n) ——掩飾物 spell (v) ——意味着 Vocabulary hegemonic expansion ——霸權擴張 founding member ——創始成員 coercive seizure ——巧取豪奪 territorial annexation ——領土吞併 Useful Terms US President Donald Trump is discussing options including military action to take control of Greenland and "acquiring Greenland is a national security priority" for Trump to deter US adversaries like Russia and China, according to the White House. Greenland Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen, however, insisted that the island was not for sale. Did you know? 1. The word _____ in the first paragraph is the opposite of "controlled". 2. US President Donald Trump wants to lay _____ on Greenland. 3. In the passage, the word _____ means "mean". 4. The US is not a reliable world peace _____. 5. According to the last paragraph, multilateralism, national _____ and international law must be respected. Answers 1. unchecked 2. hands 3. spell 4. defender 5. sovereignty & Q A D6 侷芎 05.11.2026 星期一 天 地 人 時 誌 本欄逢周一刊出，由教育評議會邀請資深中小學教師及校長撰寫。 文章以生動有趣的方式，透過中國節氣氣候、各地風土民情及歷史人物故事，帶領讀者探索中國文化與歷史的奧妙。
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